Which factor increases the risk of developing macular degeneration?

Smoking is a significant risk factor for developing macular degeneration, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Research has consistently shown that smoking harms the eyes in various ways, contributing to oxidative stress and inflammation, which are crucial in the development and progression of AMD. Smoking can result in reduced blood flow to the macula (the part of the retina responsible for central vision), leading to a higher risk of damage.

While being underweight, high exercise levels, and low sunlight exposure may have some associations with general health conditions, they are not as established in direct connection with increasing the risk of developing macular degeneration as smoking is. Therefore, understanding the strong correlation between prolonged smoking and eye health underscores the importance of smoking cessation for reducing the likelihood of vision-related diseases such as macular degeneration.